Exploring the Timeless Majesty of Trabzon Castle in Türkiye

Nestled on the scenic Black Sea coast in northeastern Türkiye, Trabzon Castle (Trabzon Kalesi) stands as a proud symbol of the region’s rich history and cultural legacy. With its commanding views over the city of Trabzon and its rugged cliffs overlooking the Black Sea, the castle is more than just a historical monument—it’s a gateway to centuries of stories, empires, and architectural brilliance. For travelers eager to explore the blend of nature, history, and authentic Turkish charm, a visit to Trabzon Castle is a must.

A Fortress with Deep Roots

Trabzon Castle’s origins date back to antiquity. Although its current structure predominantly reflects the Byzantine and Ottoman periods, archaeological evidence suggests that the area was fortified as early as the Roman era. The castle’s strategic location made it a vital defensive point for successive empires, including the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Trebizond, a significant Byzantine successor state that flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries.

Much of what stands today was reconstructed and expanded during the reign of Alexios II of Trebizond in the 13th century. Later, following the Ottoman conquest of Trabzon in 1461 by Sultan Mehmed II (Fatih Sultan Mehmet), the castle was further preserved and adapted for Ottoman administrative and military use.

Architectural Grandeur Divided into Three Sections

Trabzon Castle is unique in its structure, consisting of three main sections:

1. Upper Castle (Yukarı Hisar): This part is the oldest and most fortified section, situated at the highest point of the hill. It offers panoramic views of the entire city and coastline. Here, you can walk along ancient stone walls, some of which are built directly into the natural rock formations of the hill, blending human ingenuity with nature’s defenses.

2. Middle Castle (Orta Hisar): Serving as a link between the upper and lower sections, the middle castle contains various ruins, including the remnants of chapels, cisterns, and possibly residential buildings used by the ruling elite. The Middle Castle gives a clearer glimpse into the daily life within the fortified city.

3. Lower Castle (Aşağı Hisar): Closest to the sea, the Lower Castle housed workshops, marketplaces, and served as the main entrance for merchants and travelers arriving by ship. While less fortified than the upper section, its large gates and long walls speak to its importance in city life and commerce.

A Walk Through History

Visitors to Trabzon Castle are treated not just to stunning views, but also to a palpable sense of history. Walking through its stone gates and narrow passageways, it’s easy to imagine the bustling activity of medieval Trabzon, once an important stop on the Silk Road.

The walls of the castle bear silent witness to centuries of conquests, trade, diplomacy, and culture. Although many of the internal structures are now in ruins, the preserved sections of the fortress walls and towers still stand firm, having weathered both time and conflict.

The Castle in the Modern Day

In recent years, Trabzon Castle has seen increased interest from both domestic and international tourists. The Turkish government and local authorities have undertaken efforts to preserve and restore parts of the structure, with careful attention to its historical integrity.

Today, the castle is surrounded by green spaces, walking trails, and viewpoints. Local vendors often sell traditional Turkish tea, snacks, and souvenirs near the entrances, making it a pleasant spot not only for history buffs but also for families, photographers, and anyone seeking a peaceful escape within the city.

At sunset, the castle’s western-facing terraces become a particularly romantic spot. The sight of the sun dipping into the Black Sea, framed by ancient stone walls, creates a timeless moment that perfectly captures the spirit of Trabzon.

Things to Do Near Trabzon Castle

Trabzon Castle is conveniently located near several other notable attractions, making it an ideal starting point for a day of exploration:

• Atatürk Pavilion: A short drive away, this historic mansion offers insights into early Republican-era Türkiye and is surrounded by beautiful gardens.

• Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) of Trabzon: Originally a Byzantine church, later converted into a mosque, then a museum, and again a mosque, this architectural gem is a testament to Trabzon's multicultural heritage.

• Boztepe Hill: Just east of the castle, Boztepe offers tea gardens and a higher vantage point for breathtaking city views.

• Trabzon Bazaar (Çarşı): A vibrant marketplace where you can shop for local products such as silver jewelry, hand-woven textiles, and the famous Akçaabat meatballs.

Travel Tips

• Getting There: Trabzon has an international airport with direct flights from Istanbul and other major Turkish cities. From the city center, Trabzon Castle is easily accessible by foot, taxi, or local minibuses.

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for walking and sightseeing. Summer is also popular but can be humid.

• Entrance Fees: As of 2025, entry to the castle remains free, although some nearby attractions may charge a modest fee.

• Guided Tours: While not always available on-site, many travel agencies in Trabzon offer historical walking tours that include the castle.

Conclusion

Trabzon Castle is more than just a relic of the past—it’s a living monument to the layers of history that shaped not only the city but the region as a whole. Its weathered stones and breathtaking views tell stories of empires, sailors, merchants, and citizens who once walked its paths.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or simply looking to experience a unique piece of Türkiye's cultural mosaic, Trabzon Castle offers an unforgettable journey. With its blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and local charm, it’s a place where the past meets the present in the most captivating way.