Discovering Bodrum Castle: A Timeless Jewel of Turkey’s Aegean Coast

Nestled on the turquoise shores of the Aegean Sea, Bodrum Castle—also known as the Castle of St. Peter—stands as a majestic sentinel over the harbor town of Bodrum in Muğla Province, Turkey. With its impressive stone towers, ancient architecture, and panoramic sea views, the castle offers a journey through centuries of history, culture, and beauty. Today, it is not only a symbol of Bodrum’s rich past but also one of Turkey’s top tourism landmarks, drawing visitors from all around the world.

A Fortress Born from Conflict

Bodrum Castle was built by the Knights of St. John (Knights Hospitaller) in the early 15th century. Construction began in 1402, shortly after the fall of the Crusader stronghold in İzmir to the Ottoman Empire. Recognizing the strategic significance of the Bodrum Peninsula, the knights constructed the castle on the site of the ancient city of Halicarnassus, incorporating remnants of the famous Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, into its walls.

Designed to withstand powerful invasions, the castle features thick walls, seven watchtowers, and five main towers—each named after a different European nation: the English Tower, French Tower, German Tower, Italian Tower, and Spanish (Levantine) Tower. Its robust architecture and ingenious fortification system protected it from several Ottoman assaults until it finally surrendered in 1523 to Suleiman the Magnificent.

The Transformation from Fortress to Museum

After its capture, the Ottomans used the castle for various purposes, including as a military base and later as a prison during the 19th century. However, it wasn’t until the 1960s that the castle began its transformation into a museum.

Today, Bodrum Castle houses the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, a unique institution that showcases one of the world’s most impressive collections of ancient shipwrecks and maritime artifacts. From the Uluburun Shipwreck dating back to the late Bronze Age to amphorae, coins, glassware, and jewelry recovered from the sea, the museum brings ancient maritime history to life in an engaging and accessible way.

Each room within the castle is a treasure trove of discovery. The Carian Princess Room, for instance, features the reconstructed skeleton and adornments of a noblewoman believed to be a relative of King Mausolos. Meanwhile, the Glass Wreck Hall presents thousands of pieces of ancient glass recovered from sunken vessels.

A Cultural and Architectural Marvel

Beyond its historical significance, Bodrum Castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture. Built from local stone and recycled elements from ancient Halicarnassus, the castle’s walls and towers have stood the test of time. Its elevated position on a rocky promontory offers spectacular panoramic views of Bodrum’s old harbor, marina, and the azure Aegean Sea.

Walking through its gates is like stepping back into a different era. The cobbled paths, arched doorways, and echoing corridors evoke the lives of knights, merchants, and seafarers. Visitors can explore each tower, climb its battlements, and enjoy sweeping vistas that are perfect for photography or quiet contemplation.

Events and Experiences

Bodrum Castle is more than just a static monument; it’s a vibrant cultural hub. Throughout the year, it hosts a range of events, including art exhibitions, historical reenactments, and the Bodrum Ballet Festival, which brings international artists to perform in the stunning open-air theater within the castle grounds. This fusion of history and contemporary culture adds a dynamic energy that makes each visit unique.

Moreover, the castle's location in the heart of Bodrum makes it an easy and essential stop for any traveler exploring the region. Just steps away are lively cafes, markets, and the bustling Bodrum Marina, offering plenty of opportunities for shopping, dining, and enjoying the coastal lifestyle.

How to Visit Bodrum Castle

Getting There: Bodrum Castle is located in central Bodrum, a popular destination in southwestern Turkey. The town is accessible by air (via Milas-Bodrum Airport), sea (ferries from nearby Greek islands and Turkish ports), and road (from major cities like Izmir and Antalya).

Opening Hours: The castle is open year-round, although hours may vary seasonally. Summer months typically offer extended opening times, ideal for sunset visits.

Tickets: Entry fees are modest and support the maintenance of this historic site and its museum. Guided tours are available for those who want a deeper understanding of its history and significance.

Tips:

• Wear comfortable shoes for walking over uneven stone paths.
• Bring a hat, sunscreen, and water during summer visits.
• Don’t miss the sunset view from the towers—it's one of the best in Bodrum.

Why You Shouldn’t Miss It

Whether you’re a history buff, a lover of architecture, or simply a traveler in search of beauty, Bodrum Castle has something for everyone. Its walls tell stories of crusaders and conquerors, of civilizations lost beneath the waves, and of a town that has reinvented itself across the ages.

In many ways, Bodrum Castle is more than a relic of the past—it’s a living monument to human creativity, endurance, and the enduring power of the sea. As you stroll through its halls and gaze out over the horizon, you’ll feel connected not only to Bodrum’s history, but to the larger story of the Mediterranean world.

So, when your travels take you to Turkey’s enchanting Aegean coast, be sure to carve out time for Bodrum Castle. It’s not just a place to visit—it’s a place to remember.